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A proxy is also known as a proxy server is software that functions as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users will send a request for the item to an online server, and the server would then deliver the item directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, the addition of proxies could provide advantages in terms of improved performance security, privacy, and many more. In addition to providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




The consensus is that the collection of server hardware along with installed proxy software are also referred to proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies typically classified as software, and in the context of web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies, which include a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing due to the same name convention.




This article will give you an understanding of proxy's purpose and the subtypes of them, as well as how they function in normal configurations. In the article you'll learn to recognize the circumstances in which it is beneficial to use a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy acts as a representative of a user who would like to forward a request via the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation, any request from the client's side will be routed directly through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the place of the client, will review the request. It will first decide if the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to deny a request and transfer it onto the original server. The client isn't able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what forward proxy allows it access to.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to gain greater privacy or security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in place of a client, and in this manner it could employ a different IP address than the original IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's been set up in the past forward proxy servers are able to give you a variety of options and allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographical place of residence.




Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide central security and authorization based access, such as in the workplace. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy layer administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls installed for the client layer which could include a variety of computers with different user and environment the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings must be configured manually to function in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are not recognized by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is transmitted to the source server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are a variety of options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache: A popular open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver with forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look at how you can install a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a proxy for web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients. Web servers can comprise one server or several servers. Also, it could serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes by a user on the internet in general. In most cases the request will be directly sent to the server that hosts the data the user wants. A reverse proxy works as an intermediary, protecting Web server from any direct contact with the public internet.




From the point of view that is a user's viewpoint, interfacing using a reverse proxy is no any different from using an internet server direct. It's exactly the same thing, however the client cannot discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you can set up.


The caching feature has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer and only the layer that clients use. Instead of managing firewalls on servers on the internet, that could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is concentrated on reverse proxy layers. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and also interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers allows them to concentrate on serving the needs of their customers.




In the event that there's multiple servers being hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible to direct which requests are routed to the server. There may be several web servers offering identical content offering various types of resources or a mix of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server but they can include different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also make use of their position ahead of web servers, by providing the ability to cache. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing you to serve static assets directly without connecting to the web server once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a very popular reverse proxy service. While Apache has a reverse proxy service however, the Apache web server is also able to function with a reverse proxy function, it is an additional characteristic of Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, as both types of proxies handle responses and requests. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the specifications of the application that you are building.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when creating a web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server when you interact on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed in front of customers for personal use or within the corporate setting. They represent your customers whenever you use the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy, which includes two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the most beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the process of implementing proxy servers, you can refer to our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache on Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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